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Poetical Sketches
''Poetical Sketches'' is the first collection of poetry and prose by William Blake, written between 1769 and 1777. Forty copies were printed in 1783 with the help of Blake's friends, the artist John Flaxman and the Reverend Anthony Stephen Mathew, at the request of his wife Harriet Mathew. The book was never published for the public, with copies instead given as gifts to friends of the author and other interested parties. Of the forty copies, fourteen were accounted for at the time of Geoffrey Keynes' census in 1921.〔Margaret Ruth Lowery, "A Census of Copies of William Blake's ''Poetical Sketches'', 1783", ''The Library'', Fourth Series, 17:3 (Autumn, 1936), 354-360〕 A further eight copies had been discovered by the time of Keynes' ''The Complete Writings of William Blake'' in 1957.〔Keynes (1966: 883)〕 In March 2011, a previously unrecorded copy was sold at auction in London for £72,000.
==Publication==
The original 1783 copies were seventy-two pages in length, printed in octavo by John Flaxman's aunt, who owned a small print shop in the Strand, and paid for by Anthony Stephen Mathew and his wife Harriet, dilettantes to whom Blake had been introduced by Flaxman in early 1783.〔Ackroyd (1995: 94)〕 Each individual copy was hand-stitched, with a grey back and a blue cover, reading "POETICAL SKETCHES by W.B."〔 It was printed without a table of contents and many pages were without half titles. Of the twenty-two extant copies, eleven contain corrections in Blake's handwriting.〔Erdman (1982: 846)〕 ''Poetical Sketches'' is one of only two works by Blake to be printed conventionally with typesetting; the only other extant work is ''The French Revolution'' in 1791, which was to be published by Joseph Johnson. However, it never got beyond the proof copy, and was thus not actually published.
Even given the modest standards by which the book was published, it was something of a failure. Alexander Gilchrist noted that the publication contained several obvious misreadings and numerous errors in punctuation, suggesting that it was printed with little care and was not proofread by Blake (thus the numerous handwritten corrections in printed copies). Gilchrist also notes that it was never mentioned in the ''Monthly Review'', even in the magazine's index of "Books noticed", which listed every book published in London each month, signifying that the publication of the book had gone virtually unnoticed.〔Gilchrist (1998: 42)〕 Nevertheless, Blake himself was proud enough of the volume that he was still giving copies to friends as late as 1808, and when he died, several unstitched copies were found amongst his belongings.〔
After the initial 1783 publication, ''Poetical Sketches'' as a volume remained unpublished until R.H. Shepherd's edition in 1868.〔Bentley and Nurmi (1964: 55)〕 However, prior to that, several of the individual poems had been published in journals and anthologised by Blake's early biographers and editors.〔In Part I of ''A Blake Bibliography'', Bentley and Nurmi give an extensive publication history of each poem.〕 For example, Benjamin Heath Malkin included 'Song: "How sweet I roam'd from field to field"' and 'Song: "I love the jocund dance"' in ''A Father's Memoirs of his Child'' (1806), Allan Cunningham published 'Gwin, King of Norway' and 'To the Muses' in ''Lives of the most eminent British Painters, Sculptors, and Architects'' (1830), and Alexander Gilchrist included 'Song: "When early morn walks forth in sober grey"' in his ''Life of William Blake'' (1863). Gilchrist, however, did not reproduce Blake's text ''verbatim'', instead incorporating several of his own emendations. Many subsequent editors of Blake who included extracts in their collections of his poetry, such as Dante Gabriel Rossetti, A.C. Swinburne, W.B. Yeats and E.J. Ellis, also introduced their own emendations. Due to the extreme rarity of the original publication, these emendations often went unnoticed, thus giving rise to a succession of variant readings on the original content. Subsequent versions repeated or added to these changes, despite what later commentators described as obvious misreadings. However, in 1905, John Sampson produced the first scholarly edition of Blake's work, in which he returned to the original texts, also taking into account Blake's own handwritten corrections. As such, most modern editors tend to follow Sampson's example, and use the original 1783 publication as their control text.〔For more information on the variations between different editions, see the collations in, for example, Sampson (1905), Keynes (1957 and 1966), Erdman (1965 and 1982), Ostriker (1977) and Stevenson (1971, 1989 and 2007)〕
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